Biological Activity
Antidiabetic agent; lowers plasma glucose levels and improves insulin sensitivity. Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis via activation of the LKB1/AMPK pathway. Displays antiproliferative effects in cancer cell lines. Activates the aPKC-CBP pathway in neural precursors to promote neurogenesis. Activates autophagy.
Compound Libraries
Metformin hydrochloride is also offered as part of the Tocriscreen Plus, Tocriscreen Library of FDA-Approved Compounds and Tocriscreen Stem Cell Toolbox. Find out more about compound libraries available from Tocris.
Technical Data
| M. Wt | 165.62 |
| Formula | C4H11N5.HCl |
| Storage | Store at RT |
| CAS Number | 1115-70-4 |
| PubChem ID | 14219 |
| InChI Key | OETHQSJEHLVLGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Smiles | NC(NC(N(C)C)=N)=N.Cl |
The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
All Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only.
Solubility Data
| Solvent | Max Conc. mg/mL | Max Conc. mM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solubility | |||
| DMSO | 8.28 | 50 | |
| water | 16.56 | 100 |
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the product molecular weight 165.62. Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to solvent of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mM | 6.04 mL | 30.19 mL | 60.38 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.21 mL | 6.04 mL | 12.08 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.6 mL | 3.02 mL | 6.04 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.12 mL | 0.6 mL | 1.21 mL |
Molarity Calculator
Reconstitution Calculator
Dilution Calculator
Product Datasheets
References
References are publications that support the products' biological activity.
Shaw et al (2005) The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin. Science 310 1642 PMID: 16308421
Towler and Hardie (2007) AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic control and insulin signalling. Circ.Res. 100 328 PMID: 17307971
Hirsch et al (2013) Metformin inhibits the inflammatory response associated with cellular transformation and cancer stem cell growth. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 110 972 PMID: 23277563
Wang et al (2012) Metformin activates an atypical PKC-CBP pathway to promote neurogenesis and enhance spatial memory formation. Cell Stem Cell 11 23 PMID: 22770240
Galluzzi et al (2017) Pharmacological modulation of autophagy: therapeutic potential and persisting obstacles. Nat.Rev.Drug.Discov. PMID: 28529316
Keywords: Metformin hydrochloride, supplier, activators, LKB1/AMPK, antidiabetic, agent, AMP-Activated, Protein, Kinases, Enzyme, Substrates, Enzyme, Substrates, /, Activators, AMPK, Neural, Stem, Cells, Autophagy, AMPK, Tocris Bioscience
