Biological Activity
Endogenous agonist for retinoic acid receptors (IC50 = 14 nM for RARα, RARβ and RARγ receptors). Also promotes differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into adipocytes, neurons and glia in vitro. Proposed ligand of RORβ (Kd = 280 nM). Activates autophagy.
Compound Libraries
Retinoic acid is also offered as part of the Tocriscreen Epigenetics Toolbox and Tocriscreen Stem Cell Toolbox. Find out more about compound libraries available from Tocris.
Technical Data
| M. Wt | 300.44 |
| Formula | C20H28O2 |
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| Purity | ≥99% (HPLC) |
| CAS Number | 302-79-4 |
| PubChem ID | 444795 |
| InChI Key | SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-YCNIQYBTSA-N |
| Smiles | CC(/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)=CC=CC(C)=CC(O)=O |
The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
All Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only.
Solubility Data
| Solubility | Soluble to 25 mM in DMSO and to 10 mM in ethanol |
Preparing Stock Solutions
The following data is based on the product molecular weight 300.44. Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to solvent of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mM | 3.33 mL | 16.64 mL | 33.28 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.67 mL | 3.33 mL | 6.66 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.33 mL | 1.66 mL | 3.33 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.07 mL | 0.33 mL | 0.67 mL |
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Product Datasheets
References
References are publications that support the products' biological activity.
Apfel et al (1992) A retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist selectively counteracts retinoic acid effects. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A. 89 7129 PMID: 1323127
Dani et al (1997) Differentiation of embryonic stem cells into adipocytes in vitro. J. Cell Sci. 110 1279 PMID: 9202388
Sanquer and Gilchrest (1994) Characterisation of human cellular retinoic acid binding proteins-1 and -2: ligand binding affinities and distribution in skin. Arch.Biochem.Biophys. 311 86 PMID: 8185324
Merck Index 12 8333 PMID:
Stehlin-Gaon et al (2003) All-trans retinoic acid is a ligand for the orphan nuclear receptor RORβ. Nat.Struct.Biol. 10 820 PMID: 12958591
Galluzzi et al (2017) Pharmacological modulation of autophagy: therapeutic potential and persisting obstacles. Nat.Rev.Drug.Discov. PMID: 28529316
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